Tourism is facing some problems on the environment. First problem is carbon dioxide emissions because tourists have to use transportation. Second is staying in the area for a while produces more garbage and uses energy and water. These actions have affected the local area, and these problems are also linked the serious environmental issues like global warming, climate change, and biodiversity.
Hawaii is one of the most famous places for tourists. There are beautiful beaches, scenery, and flowers. However, Hawaii may lose nature and biodiversity if we do not care about Hawaii's environment. Tourism industry must think about the impact of tourism on the environment so now it is time to think about sustainable tourism to prevent the environment. When we think about the idea, we need some cooperation with other industries because tourism is linked many areas of industries like transportation, hotels, and restaurants.
Transportation
TheBus
TheBus is the common public transportation on Oahu and used by many tourists. The company has a policy on the environment called 'Going Green'. Now they are using sixty hybrid buses in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The hybrid bus can reduce 90% of carbon dioxide emissions. Now The Bus owns approximately five hundred buses so it seems they have only sixty hybrid buses but they are planning to replace the old cars with new one. They also promise us to use clean diesel. If they use the diesel, the exhaust gas would be cleaner. In addition, they used to use petroleum-based solvent parts cleaners but now they are using more environmentally friendly water-based parts cleaners.
Hotels
Hyatt is a global hotel company, and one of the Hyatt hotel is located in Waikiki on Oahu. According to their commitment, they are trying to reduce impact on the environment. They installed energy-efficient lighting system in guestrooms, back offices, and public spaces. They also focus on recycling paper, glass, aluminum, and plastic to reduce waste. To use less water, they installed water-efficient fixtures in guestrooms, spas, and public areas.
Biodiesel
Restaurants
Thirteen restaurants on Oahu join the program called 'Restaurants for Renewables'. The purpose of this program is to collect waste oil from restaurants to make biodiesel. For example, Chart House, Loco Moco Drive Inn, and McDonald's are member of this program. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and fats. It can be used clean energy. Pacific Biodiesel is a company that makes biodiesel from waste oil.
To solve the environmental problems, energy conservation and replacing fossil fuels with enrironmentally safe energy are important strategies. Nowadays these three industries are trying to make difference. Their cooperation must support sustainable tourism. However tourist's cooperation is also very important. Before traveling, we must think about the impact of our trip on the environment. We must consider that our behavior threaten local environment.
<Assignment#12> Summary and Evaluation of Sources
The Bus, Going Green (Source#4)
The Bus is the company that manages public bus transportation. 'Going Green' is their policy on the environment. They promise us to use renewable resources and recycling materials. Now they are using sixty hybrid buses and planning to have another nineteen next year. They will get 'Clean Diesel' to release clean exhaust into the air.They think they have responsible for the broad scope of vehicle maintenance to avoid resource wastes.
This website was wrote by The Bus company. I think this is reliable information because they actually use sixty hybrid buses.
Restaurants for Renewables (Source#10)
Restaurants for renewables is the new idea in Hawaii which is related to restaurants and biodiesel. Waste oil such as cooking oil is collected from restaurants in Hawaii, and then the oil is changed into clean energy biodiesel. Now thirteen restaurants join this program.
This website was wrote by Jenna King who is R4R(restaurants for renewable) program director in 2009. This information is also linked source#3,7, and 8. The information could be reliable enough because other websites also have the same information.
◇2nd project◇---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Assignment#8> Current Tourism
For a long time tourism has provided us a lot of fun. People would be expected to have unusual experiences, feel relax, and learn another cultures while they are on a trip. Traveling gives us lots of benefits but tourists always give some bad effects on the environment and the local area. Tourism is linked the carbon dioxide emissions and garbage problems. By using transportation, we release carbon dioxide emissions into the air and staying in the area for a while produces more garbage and uses more water and energy. Climate researchers say that greenhouse gas like CO2, methane, and CFCs causes climate change. We are facing extreme weather nowadays. For example, in August 2003, approximately 35,000 people in Europe died by a record heat wave.
Dreamliner
Tourism industry has threatened the environment and the local people's environment. However these days a new idea on tourism began to appear. Ecotourism is totally different from former tourism. This is not for a fun and relax. The main purpose of ecotourism is an environmental education. For example, tourists go to Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar and Antarctica. They usually join a volunteer work for helping the local people or environment. Throught the volunteer work they learn about the importance of a nature. The new idea ecotourism can be helpful for tourists to understand and learn the importance of the environmental preservation.
Other industries linked tourism also start to do something good on environment. For example, Boeing the biggest company that makes airplanes nationally is planning to create a new eco friendly airplane named Dreamliner. The airplane will produce 20 percent less carbon dioxide emissions. By 2017, Boeing will make over 840 Dreamliners and be used more than 50 airlines all over the world. These movements are just started or still in the middle of getting effects. In the near future, we would be able to see the effects.
<Assignment#7> Summary and Evaluation of Sources Ecotourism (Source#1)
Ecotourism is a new idea of tourism.Tourists visit to protected areas such as Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar and Antarctica where local people have been making low impact on the environment. Visitors join a volunteer work and learn how important the environment is. The purpose of ecotourism is an environmental education.
Wikipedia can be wrote by anybody, but there are some good information. There are also references and links. This source was modified on 13 November 2009.
Dayton Daily News, Boeing Unveils Eco-friendly Airplane (Source#3)
Boeing will create a new airplane called 787 Dreamliner. This airplane will be used 20 percent less fuel and produce 20 percent less carbon dioxide emissions by using a light plastic-like material and a new powerful engine. They plan to deliver the first 787s to Japan's All Nippon Airways. Other airlines also are to use the airplane.
This article was written by Bob Keefe, editor of Dayton Daily News. Some information are different (or changing) because it was updated in 2007. I use this article with some current information.
By developing transportation, the numbers of people in the world have enjoyed traveling. It enabled you to go wherever you want to. Spending time in another countries has been fascinating to us. It would be a trip by cars, trains, busses, and planes. No doubt traveling now must be the most common leisure. As a result of increasing tourists, the expanded tourism became one of the biggest economic activities. On the other hand the negative effect of traveling on the environment, especially global warming, have never been considered. Traveling definitely provides not only fun, but also releases carbon dioxide emissions.
There are several causes of global warming, however, greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide is the huge part of this. The problem actually hadn't been talked much; yet, gradually people realized the effect of greenhouse gas. In 1997, the developed countries, U.S.(left 2001), EU, Japan, etc, adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on global warming that is the so-called Kyoto Protocol. The goal was to reduce the six types of gases emissions. The commitment for the reduction of four greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride), and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbos and perfluorocarbons) was established legally. Under the Kyoto Protocol, the attended countries must reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 5.2% from the level in 1990. The level of greenhouse emissions is still increasing. In 2006, annual carbon dioxide emissions was 28 billion tons, which means each person in the world released 4 tons of carbon dioxide a year.
Few people might think about carbon dioxide emissions, when they plan to go travel. For example, if someone goes to Hawaii from Japan using an air plan, it would release about 2.2 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. This figure is one half of the annual carbon dioxide emissions that a person produce, however, the person would use a bus, train, subway, taxi, ship, and car while he or she is on a trip. It must become surprising number. Here is a bar graph which shows average of the arrivals from 1996 to 2000 is over 41 million of people come to United States from all over the world. Considering this, traveling have produced zillion carbon dioxide.
Global warming now must become one of the biggest concerns in the world. The average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans is rising year by year since the mid-20th century. This obviously causes climate change and brings sea levels rising. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) expects that the global surface temperature will rise 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century. This figure would melt permafrost and cause worldwide flooding. Now it's time to learn from past and make meaningful effects.
Causes of Global Warming (Source#5)
There are a lot of causes of global warming. For example, carbon dioxide, methane, nitorus, and so on. When it comes to carbon dioxide, cars and light trucks are main factor that approcimately 33% of U.S carbon dioxide emission. The percentage of carbon dioxide from airplanes is 3.5. The figure can be seen small but it would be four times by 2050.
There are basic information about causes of global warming and some links. The site was edited by Ed Aryes, editor of World Watch Magazine in 2001. I think I can trust the source because the magazine is famous and focuces on the environment.
Kyoto Protocol (Source#7)
The Kyoto protocol was held by developed nations in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997 to stabilize greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, concentrations in the atmosphere that causes global warming. 37 industrialized countries(called "Annex I countries") assigned themselves to reduce four greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur haxafluoride) and two groups of gases(hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons) released by them. They decided to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 level.
I think this source is useful because the protocol is one of the famous treaties on the environmental preservation and was held by world leaders about ten years ago. There are a lot of details about the protocol and some useful statistics. The web site also has many links. This source was modified on 2 November 09.
Satomi
◇3rd project◇
<Assighnment#13>
Sustainable Tourism -Hawaii-
Tourism is facing some problems on the environment. First problem is carbon dioxide emissions because tourists have to use transportation. Second is staying in the area for a while produces more garbage and uses energy and water. These actions have affected the local area, and these problems are also linked the serious environmental issues like global warming, climate change, and biodiversity.
Hawaii is one of the most famous places for tourists. There are beautiful beaches, scenery, and flowers. However, Hawaii may lose nature and biodiversity if we do not care about Hawaii's environment. Tourism industry must think about the impact of tourism on the environment so now it is time to think about sustainable tourism to prevent the environment. When we think about the idea, we need some cooperation with other industries because tourism is linked many areas of industries like transportation, hotels, and restaurants.
Transportation
TheBus is the common public transportation on Oahu and used by many tourists. The company has a policy on the environment called 'Going Green'. Now they are using sixty hybrid buses in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The hybrid bus can reduce 90% of carbon dioxide emissions. Now The Bus owns approximately five hundred buses so it seems they have only sixty hybrid buses but they are planning to replace the old cars with new one. They also promise us to use clean diesel. If they use the diesel, the exhaust gas would be cleaner. In addition, they used to use petroleum-based solvent parts cleaners but now they are using more environmentally friendly water-based parts cleaners.
Hotels
Hyatt is a global hotel company, and one of the Hyatt hotel is located in Waikiki on Oahu. According to their commitment, they are trying to reduce impact on the environment. They installed energy-efficient lighting system in guestrooms, back offices, and public spaces. They also focus on recycling paper, glass, aluminum, and plastic to reduce waste. To use less water, they installed water-efficient fixtures in guestrooms, spas, and public areas.
Restaurants
Thirteen restaurants on Oahu join the program called 'Restaurants for Renewables'. The purpose of this program is to collect waste oil from restaurants to make biodiesel. For example, Chart House, Loco Moco Drive Inn, and McDonald's are member of this program. Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and fats. It can be used clean energy. Pacific Biodiesel is a company that makes biodiesel from waste oil.
To solve the environmental problems, energy conservation and replacing fossil fuels with enrironmentally safe energy are important strategies. Nowadays these three industries are trying to make difference. Their cooperation must support sustainable tourism. However tourist's cooperation is also very important. Before traveling, we must think about the impact of our trip on the environment. We must consider that our behavior threaten local environment.
Source used
Source#3
http://www.biodiesel.com/
Source#4
http://www.thebus.org/AboutTheBus/GOING%20GREEN.pdf
Source#5
http://www.hyatt.com/hyatt/about/social-responsibility/hyatt-earth.jsp
Source#10
http://www.restaurants4renewables.com/
Non Internet Source
●Textbook, Making Connections, 1. Climate Change
2. Biological Diversity Under Attack
●Mastering Skills for TOEFL, Biodiesel
<Assignment#12>
Summary and Evaluation of Sources
The Bus, Going Green (Source#4)
The Bus is the company that manages public bus transportation. 'Going Green' is their policy on the environment. They promise us to use renewable resources and recycling materials. Now they are using sixty hybrid buses and planning to have another nineteen next year. They will get 'Clean Diesel' to release clean exhaust into the air.They think they have responsible for the broad scope of vehicle maintenance to avoid resource wastes.
This website was wrote by The Bus company. I think this is reliable information because they actually use sixty hybrid buses.
Restaurants for Renewables (Source#10)
Restaurants for renewables is the new idea in Hawaii which is related to restaurants and biodiesel. Waste oil such as cooking oil is collected from restaurants in Hawaii, and then the oil is changed into clean energy biodiesel. Now thirteen restaurants join this program.
This website was wrote by Jenna King who is R4R(restaurants for renewable) program director in 2009. This information is also linked source#3,7, and 8. The information could be reliable enough because other websites also have the same information.
<Assignment#11>
Possible Sources
#1.Hawai'i Tourism Authority
http://www.hawaiitourismauthority.org/documents_upload_path/tr_documents/October%202009%20Visitor%20Stats%20News%20Release%20_Final_.pdf, 12/09/09
#2.Hawaii-DOE, Clean Energy Initiative
http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/energy/hcei/, 12/10/09
#3.Pacific Biodiesel
http://www.biodiesel.com/, 12/09/09
#4.The Bus, Going Green
http://www.thebus.org/AboutTheBus/GOING%20GREEN.pdf, 12/05/09
#5.Hyatt Regency Hotel, Social Responsibility
http://www.hyatt.com/hyatt/about/social-responsibility/hyatt-earth.jsp, 12/10/09
#6.Hawai'i State Department of Health,Hawai'i Beverage container Deposit program
http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/waste/sw/hi5/index.html, 12/10/09
#7.Environmental Graffiti, Mcdonald's article
http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/business/mcdonalds-mc-eco-friendly/67, 12/10/09
#8.Restaurants for Renewables Program Goes Green
http://www.kitv.com/news/20825610/detail.html, 12/11/09
#9.Mcdonalds, Environment
http://www.mcdonalds.com/usa/good/environment.html, 12/11/09
#10.Restaurants for Renewables
http://www.restaurants4renewables.com/, 12/11/09
◇2nd project◇---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Assignment#8>
Current Tourism
For a long time tourism has provided us a lot of fun. People would be expected to have unusual experiences, feel relax, and learn another cultures while they are on a trip. Traveling gives us lots of benefits but tourists always give some bad effects on the environment and the local area. Tourism is linked the carbon dioxide emissions and garbage problems. By using transportation, we release carbon dioxide emissions into the air and staying in the area for a while produces more garbage and uses more water and energy. Climate researchers say that greenhouse gas like CO2, methane, and CFCs causes climate change. We are facing extreme weather nowadays. For example, in August 2003, approximately 35,000 people in Europe died by a record heat wave.
Tourism industry has threatened the environment and the local people's environment. However these days a new idea on tourism began to appear. Ecotourism is totally different from former tourism. This is not for a fun and relax. The main purpose of ecotourism is an environmental education. For example, tourists go to Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar and Antarctica. They usually join a volunteer work for helping the local people or environment. Throught the volunteer work they learn about the importance of a nature. The new idea ecotourism can be helpful for tourists to understand and learn the importance of the environmental preservation.
Other industries linked tourism also start to do something good on environment. For example, Boeing the biggest company that makes airplanes nationally is planning to create a new eco friendly airplane named Dreamliner. The airplane will produce 20 percent less carbon dioxide emissions. By 2017, Boeing will make over 840 Dreamliners and be used more than 50 airlines all over the world. These movements are just started or still in the middle of getting effects. In the near future, we would be able to see the effects.
Source Used
●Source#1 Wikipedia, Ecotourism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism, 10/25/09
●Source#3 Dayton Daily News, Boeing Unveils Eco-friendly Airplane
http://www.daytondailynews.com/green/content/shared/news/stories/green_boeing_071107.html, 10/25/09
●Source#6 European heatwave
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4259, 11/8/09
●List of Boeing 787 orders
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boeing_787_orders, 11/8/09
●Non Internet Source
Textbook Making Connections, Climate Change
<Assignment#7>
Summary and Evaluation of Sources
Ecotourism (Source#1)
Ecotourism is a new idea of tourism.Tourists visit to protected areas such as Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, Kenya, Madagascar and Antarctica where local people have been making low impact on the environment. Visitors join a volunteer work and learn how important the environment is. The purpose of ecotourism is an environmental education.
Wikipedia can be wrote by anybody, but there are some good information. There are also references and links. This source was modified on 13 November 2009.
Dayton Daily News, Boeing Unveils Eco-friendly Airplane (Source#3)
Boeing will create a new airplane called 787 Dreamliner. This airplane will be used 20 percent less fuel and produce 20 percent less carbon dioxide emissions by using a light plastic-like material and a new powerful engine. They plan to deliver the first 787s to Japan's All Nippon Airways. Other airlines also are to use the airplane.
This article was written by Bob Keefe, editor of Dayton Daily News. Some information are different (or changing) because it was updated in 2007. I use this article with some current information.
<Assignment#6>
Possible sources
●Source#1 Wikipedia, Ecotourism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism, 10/25/09
●Source#2 Eco Tour, Guidlines for Ecotravel
http://www.ecotourdirectory.com/ecotourism/guidelines_for_ecotravellers.php, 10/25/09
●Source#3 Dayton Daily News, Boeing Unveils Eco-friendly Airplane
http://www.daytondailynews.com/green/content/shared/news/stories/green_boeing_071107.html, 10/25/09
●Source#4 Easyjet, An Ecofriendy aircraft to reduce CO2 emissions by 2050
http://www.ecofriend.org/entry/easyjet-ecojet-an-ecofriendly-aircraft-to-reduce-co2-emissions-by-50/, 10/25/09
●Source#5 Ecotourism,Sustainable TravelInternational
http://www.sustainabletravelinternational.org/, 10/25/09
●Source#6 European heatwave
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4259, 11/8/09
●Non Internet Source
Textbook Making Connections, Climate Change
●Source#7 List of Boeing 787 orders
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boeing_787_orders, 11/8/09
●Source#8 California Green Lodging program
http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/ofa/Travel/greenhotel.pdf, 11/8/09
◇1st project◇-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Assignment#3>
Global warming and Tourism
There are several causes of global warming, however, greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide is the huge part of this. The problem actually hadn't been talked much; yet, gradually people realized the effect of greenhouse gas. In 1997, the developed countries, U.S.(left 2001), EU, Japan, etc, adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on global warming that is the so-called Kyoto Protocol. The goal was to reduce the six types of gases emissions. The commitment for the reduction of four greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride), and two groups of gases (hydrofluorocarbos and perfluorocarbons) was established legally. Under the Kyoto Protocol, the attended countries must reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 5.2% from the level in 1990. The level of greenhouse emissions is still increasing. In 2006, annual carbon dioxide emissions was 28 billion tons, which means each person in the world released 4 tons of carbon dioxide a year.
Few people might think about carbon dioxide emissions, when they plan to go travel. For example, if someone goes to Hawaii from Japan using an air plan, it would release about 2.2 tons of carbon dioxide emissions. This figure is one half of the annual carbon dioxide emissions that a person produce, however, the person would use a bus, train, subway, taxi, ship, and car while he or she is on a trip. It must become surprising number. Here is a bar graph which shows average of the arrivals from 1996 to 2000 is over 41 million of people come to United States from all over the world. Considering this, traveling have produced zillion carbon dioxide.
Global warming now must become one of the biggest concerns in the world. The average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans is rising year by year since the mid-20th century. This obviously causes climate change and brings sea levels rising. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) expects that the global surface temperature will rise 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century. This figure would melt permafrost and cause worldwide flooding. Now it's time to learn from past and make meaningful effects.
Sources Used
Wikipedia, List of countries by carbon dioxide emission,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions, 9/8/09
Transport direct-info, Co2 emissions calculator
http://www.transportdirect.info/Web2/JourneyPlanning/JourneyEmissionsCompare.aspx, 9/8/09
ITA Ofiice of Travel & Tourism Industories, Monthly tourism statistics
http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/research/monthly/arrivals/, 9/7/09
Lenntech carbon dioxide, What is carbon dioxide and how is it discovered
http://www.lenntech.com/carbon-dioxide.htm, 9/8/09
Eco Bridge, Causes of Global Warming,Ed Ayres
http://ecobridge.org/content/g_cse.htm, 9/8/09
Wikipedia, Global warming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming, 9/21/09
Wikipedia, Kyoto Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_protocol,
9/21/09
<Assignment#2>
Summary and Evaluation of sources
Causes of Global Warming (Source#5)
There are a lot of causes of global warming. For example, carbon dioxide, methane, nitorus, and so on. When it comes to carbon dioxide, cars and light trucks are main factor that approcimately 33% of U.S carbon dioxide emission. The percentage of carbon dioxide from airplanes is 3.5. The figure can be seen small but it would be four times by 2050.
There are basic information about causes of global warming and some links. The site was edited by Ed Aryes, editor of World Watch Magazine in 2001. I think I can trust the source because the magazine is famous and focuces on the environment.
Kyoto Protocol (Source#7)
The Kyoto protocol was held by developed nations in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997 to stabilize greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, concentrations in the atmosphere that causes global warming. 37 industrialized countries(called "Annex I countries") assigned themselves to reduce four greenhouse gases(carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur haxafluoride) and two groups of gases(hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons) released by them. They decided to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 level.
I think this source is useful because the protocol is one of the famous treaties on the environmental preservation and was held by world leaders about ten years ago. There are a lot of details about the protocol and some useful statistics. The web site also has many links. This source was modified on 2 November 09.
<Assignment#1>
Possible Source
●Source #1 Wikipedia, List of countries by carbon dioxide emission,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_carbon_dioxide_emissions, 9/8/09
●Source #2 Transport direct-info, Co2 emissions calculator
http://www.transportdirect.info/Web2/JourneyPlanning/JourneyEmissionsCompare.aspx, 9/8/09
●Source #3 ITA Ofiice of Travel & Tourism Industories, Monthly tourism statistics
http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/research/monthly/arrivals/, 9/7/09
●Source #4 Lenntech carbon dioxide, What is carbon dioxide and how is it discovered
http://www.lenntech.com/carbon-dioxide.htm, 9/8/09
●Source #5 Eco Bridge, Causes of Global Warming,Ed Ayres
http://ecobridge.org/content/g_cse.htm, 9/8/09
●Source #6 Wikipedia, Global warming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming, 9/21/09
●Source #7 Wikipedia, Kyoto Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_protocol, 9/21/09